Wa ya ƙirƙiri roulette? Asalin roulette

Kakanni

Tsofaffin wasanni uku ne suka samar da sassan. Dabarun E.O. (“even-odd”, wato cika-mara) na Ingila a shekarun 1740 suna da dabaran mai juyawa mai ramukakayan aikiRamiƊaya daga cikin ɗakuna 37 masu lamba a kan rotor. Ana kuma kiransa: slot, cup.Karanta gaba ɗaya → arba'in masu alamar E ko O da ƙwallokayan aikiƘwalloƘaramin ƙwallon da ake jefawa a hanyarsa a akasin juyawar rotor. Ƙwallayen zamani na ivorine ko Teflon ne, 18–21 mm.Karanta gaba ɗaya → da ake jefawa a kansa; an haramta su a 1745 amma aka ci gaba da yin wasan duk da haka. Roly-poly, wani tsohon wasan Ingila, ya yi kama da shi. Wasan caca na Italiya biribi, wanda ake cewa ya fara a Genoa a kusan 1750 kuma ake kira cavagnole a Faransa, yana amfani da allo mai lambobi 70 da ʼyan wasa ke sa caca a kai da jaka da ake ciro lamba daga ciki; lambar da ta ci tana mayar da ninki 64 na kuɗin caca, har da kuɗin cacar (63 zuwa 1), don haka mai banki yana riƙe raka'a 6 cikin kowace raka'akuɗiRaka'aKuɗin caca na tushe da tsari ko ɗan wasa ke aiki da shi. Ana bayyana jerin ƙarin caca a raka'a don su yi aiki a kowane tebur.Karanta gaba ɗaya → 70 da aka sa, fifiko na 8.57%. Casanova, wanda ya yi wasan a shekarun 1760, ya kira shi wasan ʼyan damfara, kuma Faransa ta haramta shi a 1837. Ya ba da tunanin tsarin teburkayan aikiTeburin caca (layout)Ragar caca da aka buga a kan tebur. Ana kuma kiransa: table, felt, cloth.Karanta gaba ɗaya → na lambobi da biyakuɗiBiyaAbin da cacar da ta ci ke dawowa da shi, ana faɗinsa a matsayin “X zuwa 1” a kan kuɗin cacar da aka mayar.Karanta gaba ɗaya → mai girma. Hoca, wanda ake yi a fadar Faransa a shekarun 1600, yana da lambobi talatin da fifikon gidan cacalissafiFifikon gidan cacaKason kowane kuɗin caca da gidan caca ke riƙewa a matsakaici: 2.70% a roulette na Turai.Karanta gaba ɗaya → da aka gina a kan ramukan da aka keɓe. Babu ɗaya daga cikinsu da ke roulette; tare kuwa su ne iyayensa.

A ina aka ƙirƙiri roulette? A Paris, aƙalla tun 1796

Littafin labari La Roulette, ou le Jour na Jaques Lablée, wanda aka wallafa a 1801, ya bayyana wani dabaran a Palais-Royal a 1796 mai lambobi 1 zuwa 36, sifilidabaranSifiliRamin kore guda ɗaya da babu cacar ɗaya zuwa ɗaya, ta dozin ko ta ginshiƙi da ke rufe shi; tushen fifikon gidan caca. Ana kuma kiransa: sifili ɗaya, 0.Karanta gaba ɗaya → jacacaJaCacar ɗaya zuwa ɗaya (even-money) a kan lambobi ja 18. A Faransanci: rouge.Karanta gaba ɗaya → da sifili biyunau'iSifili biyuRamin 00 na dabaran Amurka. Kasancewarsa yana ɗaga fifikon gidan caca daga 2.70% zuwa 5.26%.Karanta gaba ɗaya → baƙicacaBaƙiCacar ɗaya zuwa ɗaya (even-money) a kan lambobi baƙi 18. A Faransanci: noir.Karanta gaba ɗaya → da aka keɓe wa gidan caca, da teburin caca mai cace-cacen ciki da cace-cacen wajecacaCacar wajeCaca a kan akwatunan da ke kewaye da raga: dozin, ginshiƙai da cace-cacen ɗaya zuwa ɗaya.Karanta gaba ɗaya → kusan kamar yadda suke a yau. Shi ne cikakken bayani na farko kuma ya riga ya zama wasan zamani. Palais-Royal ta kasance unguwar caca ta Paris, mai lasisi kuma ana biyan haraji, har zuwa haramcin 1837 wanda ya tura wasan zuwa garuruwan maɓuɓɓugan ruwa na Jamus.

Bad Homburg da gidajen caca na garuruwan maɓuɓɓugan ruwaCace-cacen ciki da cace-cacen waje a roulette

Sunan

Roulette kalmar Faransanci ce mai ma'anar “ƙaramin dabaran”. An yi amfani da kalmar don wasu wasannin dabaran kafin ta tabbata a kan wannan: wata doka ta 1758 ta New France, mulkin mallakar Faransa a gaɓar kogin St Lawrence, ta riga ta haramta “ɗan lido, hoca, faro da roulette”, kamar yadda Shelley (1988) ya ruwaito, ba tare da faɗin yadda wannan roulette yake ba. A tushen Ingilishi na farko, wani lokaci ana kiran wasan “roulet” ko a bayyana shi a matsayin “E.O. na Faransa”. Zuwa shekarun 1820, “roulette” yana nufin wasa ɗaya takamaimai a ko'ina a Turai.

Sifilai biyu

Dabarun Paris na asali suna da duka 0 da 00, wanda ya ba gidan caca fifiko na 5.26% a dabaran mai ramuka 38. Dabaran mai sifili ɗaya mataki ne na kasuwanci da ʼyan uwan Blanc suka ɗauka a Bad Homburg a 1843, don jawo ʼyan wasa daga garuruwan maɓuɓɓugan ruwa masu hamayya. Dabaran Amurka ya riƙe sifilai biyu saboda wasan ya isa Amurka kafin canjin, kuma babu wani mai hamayya a can da za a rage farashi don doke shi. Wasu dabarun Amurka na farko sun wuce haka: wani tsarin tebur na ƙarni na 19 yana da lambobi 1 zuwa 28 kawai tare da 0, 00 da gaggafa, yana biyan lamba ɗaya 27 a kan 1, fifiko na 12.90%, kuma yana ɗaukar 9.68% a kan ginshiƙaicacaGinshiƙiLambobi goma sha biyu a cikin ginshiƙi ɗaya a tsaye na teburin caca, biya 2:1.Karanta gaba ɗaya → da launuka. Bai daɗe ba.

Dabaran da dokokin roulette na Amurka

Dalilin da ya sa ya yaɗu

Roulette ba ya buƙatar ƙwarewa, yana kammala kowane zagaye cikin minti ɗaya, kuma yana bar wa kowane adadin ʼyan wasa damar yin caca a lokaci guda a kan gidan cacar da ba zai iya yin asara ba a dogon lokaci. Ga mai gudanarwa shi ne wasa mafi dacewa: mai sauri, mai sauƙi, mai faɗaɗuwa kuma mai riba a wani adadi da aka sani. Ga gwamnati ana iya sa masa haraji. Wasan ya bi kuɗi da lasisi daga Paris zuwa Homburg zuwa Monaco zuwa ko'ina.

Roulette na Monte CarloKusantowa a dogon zango: dokar manyan lambobi a roulette

Abin da bai canja ba

Tsarin teburin, biyan kuɗi (36/n − 1), tsayayyen jerin matakan zagaye da aikin croupier iri ɗaya ne a bayanin Lablée da kuma a watsa shirye-shirye kai tsaye na yau. Jerin lambobin dabaran, deflectorskayan aikiMai karkatarwa (deflector)Ɗaya daga cikin shingayen ƙarfe da ke kan apron waɗanda ke warwatsa ƙwallon da ke faɗuwa. Ana kuma kiransa: canoe, diamond, pin.Karanta gaba ɗaya → da ƙananan fretskayan aikiFretRabe-raben ƙarfe da ke tsakanin ramuka biyu a kan dabaran.Karanta gaba ɗaya → gyare-gyare ne na ƙarni na 19 don hana ʼyan wasan da suka koyi kallon ƙwallo. Sifili ɗaya shi ne kaɗai canjin da ya shafi yiwuwar cin nasara, kuma ya inganta su.

Roulette na Turai

Tambayoyi