Roulette na Monte Carlo
Gidan cacar da ya mai da ƙaramar masarauta ta zama gidan dabaran mai sifili ɗaya.

An buɗe shi a 1863 ƙarƙashin François Blanc, kuma Casino de Monte-Carlo ya mai da dabaran Turai ya zama na yau da kullum a nahiyar, sannan ya ba roulette shahararrun labaransa, daga dabaran Jagger da ya karkata zuwa baƙi 26 na 1913.
Me ya sa Monaco
A shekarun 1850, Monaco wani dutse ne da ya yi fatara, mai yarima da fada amma babu masana'antu. Ana haramta caca a faɗin jihohin Jamus, inda gidajen caca na garuruwan maɓuɓɓugan ruwa suka bunƙasa. Yarima Charles III ya ba da lasisin gidan caca a 1856; ƙoƙarin farko ya gaza saboda babu layin dogo da hanya. François Blanc, wanda ya sa Bad Homburg ya shahara, ya sayi lasisin a 1863, ya gina Société des Bains de Mer, ya nemi a gina layin dogo daga Nice, kuma ya sanya wa sabuwar unguwar suna Monte Carlo don girmama yariman. Gidan cacar ya ɗauki nauyin ƙasar sosai har aka soke harajin kuɗin shiga a 1869, kuma bai taɓa dawowa ba.
Sifili ɗaya a matsayin manufa
Blanc ya kawo dabaran mai sifilidabaranSifiliRamin kore guda ɗaya da babu cacar ɗaya zuwa ɗaya, ta dozin ko ta ginshiƙi da ke rufe shi; tushen fifikon gidan caca. Ana kuma kiransa: sifili ɗaya, 0.Karanta gaba ɗaya → ɗaya daga Homburg. A Monte Carlo ba dabarar gasa ba ce, abu ne na yau da kullum: kowane tebur, kowace rana. ʼYan wasa daga faɗin Turai sun koyi wasan roulette na Monte Carlo a 2.70% kuma suka sa ran samunsa a wasu wurare, shi ya sa sifili biyunau'iSifili biyuRamin 00 na dabaran Amurka. Kasancewarsa yana ɗaga fifikon gidan caca daga 2.70% zuwa 5.26%.Karanta gaba ɗaya → ya rage ne kawai a inda Monte Carlo bai taɓa kafa ƙa'ida ba.
Lasisin gidan caca na farko a Monaco. Ya gaza: babu hanya, babu layin dogo, ʼyan wasa kaɗan.
François Blanc ya karɓi ragamar. An kafa Société des Bains de Mer.
An buɗe layin dogo daga Nice. Baƙi suna zuwa jirgin ƙasa cike.
An soke harajin kuɗin shiga a Monaco.
Joseph Jagger ya gano karkata a dabarun kuma ya ci dukiya mai yawa; gidan cacar ya canja wuraren dabarunsa, sannan ya maye gurbinsu.
Charles Wells ya “karya bankin” sau da dama cikin ʼyan kwanaki, da sa'a da wani tsari da bai taɓa bayyanawa ba.
Baƙi 26 a jere. Kuskuren ɗan caca ya samu sunansa na biyu.
Casino de Monte-Carlo ya rasa ikonsa na shi kaɗai a kan caca a Riviera yayin da gidajen caca na Faransa suka sake buɗewa.
Karya bankin
Kowane teburin roulette a Monte Carlo yana da ajiyar kuɗi, wato “bankin”. Lokacin da ɗan wasa ya ci fiye da ajiyar, ana rufe teburin da zane baƙicacaBaƙiCacar ɗaya zuwa ɗaya (even-money) a kan lambobi baƙi 18. A Faransanci: noir.Karanta gaba ɗaya → yayin da ake kawo ƙarin kuɗi: an “karya” bankin. Hakan yana faruwa akai-akai kuma talla ce mai kyau; ba yana nufin gidan caca ya yi asarar kuɗi gaba ɗaya ba ne, sai dai kuɗin teburi ɗaya ya ƙare. Charles Wells ya yi haka sau da dama a 1891 da jerin nasarori na ban mamaki, aka yi waƙa game da shi a gidajen wasan kwaikwayo, kuma ya sake yin asarar wani ɓangare na kuɗin a wannan hunturun.

Labaran
Dabaran da ya karkatagwajiDabaran da ya karkataDabaran da lahaninsa na zahiri ke sa wasu ramuka su fi yiwuwa fiye da 1/37. Ba kasafai ake samunsa ba, kuma sai da dubban juye-juyen da aka rubuta ake iya gane shi.Karanta gaba ɗaya → na Joseph Jagger (kusan 1880), Wells (1891) da baƙi 26 (1913) duka sun faru a nan, kuma kowanne yana da shafinsa. Sashen tallace-tallacen gidan cacar, wanda ya riga zamaninsa, ya tabbatar an ruwaito kowanne a jaridun London. Tatsuniyar wurin da ake cin dukiya ta sayar da tikitin jirgin ƙasa fiye da kowane bayanin gaskiya na 2.70%.
Wasan roulette na Monte Carlo a yau
Gidan cacar yana nan yana aiki, kuma roulette har yanzu shi ne cibiyar babban zauren, da dabarai masu sifili ɗaya da dokokin Faransa (la partageƙa'idaLa partageƘa'idar Faransa: idan sifili ya fito, ana mayar da rabin kuɗin cacar ɗaya zuwa ɗaya (even-money). Tana rage fifikon gidan caca a kan waɗannan cace-cace da rabi, zuwa 1.35%.Karanta gaba ɗaya → ko en prisonƙa'idaEn prisonƘa'idar Faransa: idan sifili ya fito, ana riƙe cacar ɗaya zuwa ɗaya (even-money) zuwa juyi na gaba maimakon a rasa ta. Tana rage fifikon gidan caca a kan waɗannan cace-cace da rabi.Karanta gaba ɗaya → a kan cace-cace masu biya daidai da kuɗin caca). Société des Bains de Mer har yanzu shi ne babban kamfanin masarautar. Hanyar Monte Carlo a lissafi, wadda Ulam da von Neumann suka sanya wa suna a shekarun 1940 bisa sunan gidan cacar, ita ce ke ba da ƙarfi ga na'urorin kwaikwayo (simulators) a wannan shafin.
Tambayoyi
A'a. An hana su tun ƙarni na 19; gidan cacar na baƙi ne.
Ana ruwaito shi daidai a bayanan da suka biyo baya; bayanan gidan cacar na wancan lokaci ba a fitar da su ga jama'a ba. YiwuwarlissafiYiwuwaDamar faruwar wani sakamako, daga 0 zuwa 1 ko daga 0% zuwa 100%. Lamba ɗaya: 1/37 = 2.70%.Karanta gaba ɗaya → ta dace da faruwarsa a wani wuri cikin shekaru hamsin na wasa.
Kawun Stanislaw Ulam yana caca a can; sunan kalmar sirri ce ta samfurin kwatsam (random sampling) a Manhattan Project.
Ɗan barkwanci

An sha karya bankin. Amma makomar gidan cacar ba ta taɓa shiga haɗari ba.
Majiyoyi
- Schwartz, D. G. Roll the Bones: The History of Gambling.
- Barnhart, R. T. Beating the Wheel.
- Kavanagh, T. M. Dice, Cards, Wheels: A Different History of French Culture.