Joseph Jagger: dabarar roulette a Monte Carlo

Abin da bayanan rubuce suka nuna

An haifi Joseph Hobson Jagger a ranar 2 ga Satumba, 1830 a Shelf, tsakanin Bradford da Halifax. Ya auri Matilda Townend yana ɗan shekara ashirin kuma suka haifi ʼya'ya huɗu. Ya yi aiki a kasuwancin yadi a duk rayuwarsa: a matsayin mai kula da rumbu, abokin hulɗa a wata masana'anta da ke shirya zaren saƙa, mai gama yadi a Manchester. Ƙidayar jama'a ta 1861 ta kira shi wakilin auduga da kayan yadi, kuma wasiyyarsa ta 1881 ta kira shi mai masana'anta. Babu takardar da ta kira shi injiniya. Wannan kalma, da “makaniki”, sun fito ne daga littattafai game da Monte Carlo.

A Afrilu 1860 kasuwancinsa na Manchester ya durƙushe, kuma London Gazette ta lissafa shi cikin masu bashin da ba za su iya biya ba da za a saurari ƙararsu a Lancaster Castle. Autansa yana da shekara biyu. Marubuciyar tarihin rayuwarsa Anne Fletcher, jikar ʼyar uwarsa ta zuriya ta uku kuma masaniyar tarihin gado, ta gano sanarwar kuma ta gano cewa iyalin har yanzu suna biyan bashi bayan shekaru goma sha biyar. Ba ta sami wani karyewar kasuwanci a 1880 ko 1881 ba, ko da yake jaridu da dama tun daga lokacin sun sa ɗaya a can.

Labarin kamar yadda aka fara buga shi

Bayani mafi daɗewa shi ne Monte Carlo Anecdotes and Systems of Play na Victor Bethell (1901). Bethell ya kira shi “Jaggers”, ɗan Yorkshire kuma makaniki ta sana'a, kuma bai ba da sunan farko ko shekara ba. A labarinsa, Jaggers ya ɗauki ma'aikatan rubutu shida haya, ya zaunar da su a teburai daban-daban don rubuta kowace lamba duk yini, kuma bayan wata ɗaya ya gano rauni a kowane dabaran. Shi da mutanensa sun ci £120,000. Gidan cacar ya fara motsa dabarun daga tebur zuwa tebur kowane dare, kuma Jaggers ya bambanta su ta ƙananan alamomi, kamar tabo ko ɗigo a fenti. Ya rasa £40,000 daga cikin abin da ya ci kuma ya tafi da kusan £80,000, wanda bisa ga franc 25 a kan fam ɗaya na wancan lokaci yake franc miliyan biyu. Kwanan wata ɗaya tilo na Bethell shi ne cewa duk wannan ya faru “fiye da shekaru ashirin da suka wuce”.

Bethell yana rubutu ne bayan shekaru ashirin da faruwar lamarin kuma bai ambaci kowane shaida ba. Fletcher ta bincika jaridun gida, na ƙasa da na ƙasashen waje kuma ba ta sami rahoton nasarar ba, kuma lokacin da mahaifinta ya rubuta wa gidan cacar wasiƙa, aka faɗa masa cewa an lalata takardunsu na wancan lokaci.

Yadda labarin ya girma

Kowane marubuci na baya ya ƙara wani abu, kuma ƙarin ne abin da yawancin mutane suka sani.

Lokacin da yake can

Fletcher ta sa ziyarar farko a 1880 ko 1881 bisa ga hujjoji huɗu. Babu Jagger a cikin gidansa a ƙidayar jama'a ta Afrilu 1881, inda aka rubuta matarsa a matsayin shugabar gidan. Wata takardar mallaka ta Agusta 1881 ta ambace shi a 6 Greaves Street, Bradford, gidan da ya saya a waccan shekara, kuma a Oktoba ya yi wasiyya irin ta mutumin da ke da dukiya. Na huɗu shi ne abu ɗaya tilo da ya rage, wani makullin tunawa a cikin akwatin kyauta, wanda iyalin ke ajiye da shi. Rubutun da ke jikinsa, daga “abokansa da masu sha'awarsa”, ya yi magana kan nasararsa a roulette a kan bankin Monte Carlo “wadda ta ɗauki tsawon shekaru huɗu”, kuma kwanan watansa 1 ga Mayu, 1884 ne.

Fletcher ta fassara wannan a matsayin zama da dama tsakanin kusan 1880 da 1884, ba mako ɗaya ba. Tsawon lokacin da ya yi yana kallo, da tsawon lokacin da ya yi yana wasa, ba a rubuta su a ko'ina ba.

Waɗanda suka tafi tare da shi

Ma'aikatan rubutu shida na Bethell ba su da goyon baya, kuma Fletcher ta lura cewa ɗakin yana da teburan roulette huɗu ko biyar kawai a lokacin. Wani labarin gargajiya na iyali, wanda wani aboki da ya ga wasiƙun da aka lalata daga baya ya rubuta, ya ce babban ɗansa Alfred ya tafi tare da shi. Fletcher ta ƙara wani ɗan ɗan uwansa, Oates Jagger, direban jirgin ƙasa, bisa ga dukiyar da ya samu daga baya ba tare da bayani ba; wannan hasashenta ne. Wani reshen iyalin kuma ko da yaushe yana cewa ya tafi tare da shugaban ma'aikatansa. Kuɗin tafiyar an aro shi daga ʼyan uwa, kuma an ambaci ɗaya daga cikinsu, wani ɗan uwan jini, a matsayin wanda aka biya.

Abin da gidan cacar ya yi

A nan ma Bethell ne tushe na farko. Ya ce gidan cacar ya fara da musanya dabarun daga tebur zuwa tebur kowane dare, kuma lokacin da hakan ya gaza, ya aika wani mutum zuwa kamfanin Paris da ke ƙera su. Kamfanin ya gina sababbin dabarai masu raba-raba da ake iya motsawa, ta yadda ramikayan aikiRamiƊaya daga cikin ɗakuna 37 masu lamba a kan rotor. Ana kuma kiransa: slot, cup.Karanta gaba ɗaya → da ke gaban sifilidabaranSifiliRamin kore guda ɗaya da babu cacar ɗaya zuwa ɗaya, ta dozin ko ta ginshiƙi da ke rufe shi; tushen fifikon gidan caca. Ana kuma kiransa: sifili ɗaya, 0.Karanta gaba ɗaya → wata rana zai iya kasancewa a wani wuri washegari. Polovtsoff, wanda ya shugabanci International Sporting Club a Monte Carlo a shekarun 1930, ya faɗi haka: sababbin dabarai masu sassan da ake iya musanyawa, ana sauya su kowace rana. An maye gurbin tsofaffin dabarun, ba a gyara su ba.

Duba kowane dabaran da ma'aunin daidaito (spirit level) da safe abu ne da aka tabbatar sosai. Adolphe Smith ya kalli ana yi a kusan 1912, kuma Polovtsoff ya bayyana shi a 1937. Babu ɗayansu da ya ce ya fara ne saboda Jagger, kuma babu takardar gidan caca da ta haɗa ko ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan matakai da shi.

Casino de Monte-CarloAuna dabaran a zahiri

Girman karkatar da ake buƙata

Dabarar roulette ta Joseph Jagger, kamar yadda labarin ya faɗa, ita ce a sa caca a kan lambobin da dabaran ke fifitawa, kuma hakan yana biya ne kawai idan an wuce wani mataki. Straight upcacaStraight upLamba ɗaya tak, biya 35:1.Karanta gaba ɗaya → (cacar lamba ɗaya) yana biya 35 zuwa 1, don haka dole ne lamba ta ci fiye da sau ɗaya cikin juye-juye 36 kafin caca a kanta ta samu wani abu. A dabaran mai sifili ɗaya na gaskiya tana cin sau ɗaya cikin 37.

A ce ma'aikatan rubutun sun rubuta sakamakon dabaran ɗaya tsawon wata ɗaya a juye-juye 500 a kowace rana: juye-juye 15,000. Lamba ta gaskiya za ta fito kusan sau 405, ƙari ko ragi 20. Lambar da ta fito sau 465 za ta kasance gaba da “ƙari ko ragi” uku daga cikin waɗannan, abin da sa'a kaɗai kusan ba ta taɓa samarwa. Irin wannan lamba tana cin kusan sau ɗaya cikin juye-juye 32, kuma caca a kanta tana samun 11.6%: tsabobin cacakuɗiTsabar cacaAlamar da ke wakiltar ƙayyadadden adadin kuɗi, wadda ake ajiyewa a kan teburin caca don yin caca. Ana kuma kiranta: check.Karanta gaba ɗaya → 36 suna dawowa a kan kowane 32.3 da aka sa. Wata ɗaya na ƙidaya da haƙuri ya isa a gano lahani na wannan girma, amma bai isa a gano wanda ya fi ƙanƙanta sosai ba. Juye-juye 500 a kowace rana zato ne don lissafin; babu wanda ya rubuta saurin waɗannan teburai.

Girman samfuriCacar straight up a roulette

Bayan haka

Jagger bai sayi babban gida ba. A 1881 ya sayi 6 Greaves Street a Little Horton, Bradford, kuma cikin kusan shekaru goma masu zuwa, bisa ga ƙidayar Fletcher, aƙalla gidaje talatin da biyu na jere a kusa, ana ba da hayarsu ko ʼyan uwa na zama a ciki. Ta yi imani cewa ya ba mutanen biyu da suka tafi tare da shi kusan kashi ɗaya cikin uku na kuɗin. Babu alamar cewa ya taɓa bayyana nasarar a fili. Ya rasu a 25 Greaves Street a ranar 25 ga Afrilu, 1892, yana da shekara 61; takardar shaidar mutuwa ta ce ciwon sukari. An binne shi a Bethel Chapel a Shelf, kusa da inda aka haife shi. Ƙimar tsaf ta dukiyarsa ita ce £1,710.

Waƙar

An fara rera “The Man Who Broke the Bank at Monte Carlo” a 1892, shekarar da Jagger ya rasu, kuma iyalinsa sun daɗe suna gaskata cewa game da shi ne. Ba haka ba ne. Fred Gilbert ya rubuta ta ne bayan jerin nasarorin Charles Wells na 1891, wanda ya cika jaridu (ku duba Mutumin da ya karya bankin gidan caca). Charles Kingston ya faɗi irin wannan a 1925: girmamawar ta tafi ga ɗan damfarar da ya zo bayan ɗan Yorkshire ɗin.

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