Shahararrun ʼyan wasan roulette

Joseph Jagger (1830–1892)

Ɗan kasuwar masaku daga Shelf, kusa da Bradford, wanda kamfaninsa na Manchester ya durƙushe a 1860. A kusan 1880 ya tafi Monte Carlo, ya sa aka rubuta sakamakon dabarun, kuma ya sa caca a kan lambobin da ke fitowa fiye da yadda ya kamata. Bayani mafi daɗewa, littafin Victor Bethell na 1901, ya ce ya ci £120,000, ya sake yin asarar £40,000 daga ciki, kuma ya tafi da kusan £80,000, wato kusan franc miliyan biyu, kuma cewa gidan cacar da farko ya riƙa motsa dabarunsa daga tebur zuwa tebur kowane dare, sannan ya yi odar sababbi masu raba-raba da ake iya motsawa. Babu jaridar wancan lokaci da ta ruwaito nasarar, kuma takardun gidan cacar na waɗannan shekaru sun ɓace. Marubuciyar tarihin rayuwarsa Anne Fletcher (2018), jikar ʼyar uwarsa ta zuriya ta uku, ta sa ziyarar farko a 1880 ko 1881, ba 1873 ko 1875 na tsofaffin labaran ba. Ma'aikatan rubutu shida da aka ɗauka haya na Bethell ne; jerin lambobi tara da tabon da ake cewa ya yanke a jikin wani dabaran sun fara bayyana ne a 1951, kuma babu abin da ke tabbatar da su. Lokacin da ya rasu a 1892 dukiyarsa ba ta da yawa. Shafin Joseph Jagger yana bin hujjojin ɗaya bayan ɗaya.

Joseph Jagger: dabarar roulette a Monte Carlo

Charles Wells (1841–1922)

Ɗan damfara kuma mai ƙirƙira wanda ya iso Monte Carlo a 1891 da kuɗin da aka tara don wata ƙirƙira ta ƙarya, kuma ya karya bankin sau da dama cikin ʼyan kwanaki, yana cin kusan £40,000 da jerin nasarori na ban mamaki. Ya yi iƙirarin tsarin da ba ya kuskure kuma bai taɓa bayyana shi ba. Ya zama “The Man Who Broke the Bank at Monte Carlo” a cikin waƙar gidan wasan kwaikwayo, ya sake yin asarar wani ɓangare na kuɗin a wannan hunturun, kuma ya shafe yawancin sauran rayuwarsa a kurkuku saboda damfara. Ko yaya tsarinsa yake, sakamakonsa sa'a ce.

Mutumin da ya karya bankin gidan caca

Hibbs da Walford (1947)

A 1947, ɗalibai biyu na University of Chicago, Albert Hibbs, wanda ke kammala digiri na biyu a lissafi, da Roy Walford, ɗalibin likitanci, sun yi hutu a Reno suna rubuta juye-juye. Suna neman dabarun da wasu lambobi ke fitowa fiye da yadda 1 cikin 38 ya ba da dama, suka samu wasu, suka sa caca a kansu, sannan suka wuce zuwa Las Vegas. Mujallar Life ta ba da labarin a Disamba 1947 ƙarƙashin taken “How to Win $6,500”; bayanan da suka biyo baya, har da na Hibbs kansa, sun ba da jimilla mafi girma, kuma Thorp, a rubutunsa na 1998, ya sa lokacin a 1949–50. Kuɗin ya biya jirgin ruwa mai tafiya da iska (sailboat) mai tsawon ƙafa 40 da fiye da shekara ɗaya a Caribbean. Hibbs ya ci gaba zuwa Jet Propulsion Laboratory, inda ya zama mai magana da yawunta da jama'a suka fi sani, kuma Walford ya zama mai bincike kan tsufa. Nasarar tasu ita ce ta farko a Amurka da aka rubuta sosai daga karkatar dabaran, kuma shi ne abin da Thorp ke tunani a 1955 lokacin da ya yanke shawarar cewa dabarun da aka ƙera da kyau sai dai a doke su da physics.

Norman Leigh (1966)

A lokacin bazara na 1966, Norman Leigh, ɗan Ingila wanda ya rubuta cewa roulette ya talauta mahaifinsa, ya kai ƙungiyar mutane goma sha biyu zuwa Casino Municipal a Nice. Bisa ga bayaninsa, sun yi amfani da LabouchèredabaraLabouchèreTsarin sharewa: a rubuta layin lambobi, a yi caca da jimillar lambobi biyu na ƙarshe, a share su bayan nasara, a ƙara kuɗin cacar da aka rasa bayan asara.Karanta gaba ɗaya → na baya-baya a kan dukkan damammaki shida masu biya daidai da kuɗin caca a teburi biyu, suka ci da yawa cikin dare da dama, kuma aka dakatar da su lokacin da gidan cacar ya rufe teburan kuma ya hana su shiga gidajen caca na Faransa. Littafinsa, Thirteen Against the Bank (1976), shi ne kaɗai cikakken shaida, kuma ba za a iya tantance lissafinsa ba. Tsarin ba zai iya bayyana su ba: Labouchère na baya-baya yana kashe 1.35% na jimillar cacakuɗiJimillar cacaJimillar kuɗin da aka yi caca da su a cikin zaman wasa ko wani lokaci, har da kuɗin da aka ci aka sake sawa. Ana kuma kiranta: handle, action.Karanta gaba ɗaya → tare da la partageƙa'idaLa partageƘa'idar Faransa: idan sifili ya fito, ana mayar da rabin kuɗin cacar ɗaya zuwa ɗaya (even-money). Tana rage fifikon gidan caca a kan waɗannan cace-cace da rabi, zuwa 1.35%.Karanta gaba ɗaya → kuma yana cin nasara ne kawai a zaman wasa na lokaci-lokaci inda layi ya kai iyaka (ku duba Labouchère). ʼYan wasa goma sha biyu a kan damammaki shida cikin dare da dama suna yin zaman wasa da yawa, dole ne wasu kaɗan daga cikinsu su zama manyan nasarori, kuma rufe wasan da gidan cacar ya yi ya hana sa'ar ta daidaita.

Tatsuniya: dabarar roulette da kullum take cin nasaraDabarar Labouchère a roulette

Thorp da Shannon (1961)

Edward Thorp, wanda daga baya ya doke blackjack ta hanyar ƙidayar katuna, da Claude Shannon, wanda ya kafa ka'idar bayanai (information theory), sun gina kwamfuta ta farko da ake sawa a jiki: na'ura mai girman kwalin sigari da ke auna lokacin ƙwallokayan aikiƘwalloƘaramin ƙwallon da ake jefawa a hanyarsa a akasin juyawar rotor. Ƙwallayen zamani na ivorine ko Teflon ne, 18–21 mm.Karanta gaba ɗaya → da rotorkayan aikiRotorƁangaren dabaran da ke juyawa wanda ke ɗauke da ramuka.Karanta gaba ɗaya → kuma tana aika sauti zuwa abin kunne da ke faɗin kashi ɗaya cikin takwas na dabaran. Ta yi aiki a ɗakin ƙarƙashin ƙasa na Shannon a kan dabaran da aka saya, kuma lokaci-lokaci a Las Vegas, inda wayoyi suka riƙa karyewa kuma ana ganin abin kunnen. Sun tsaya saboda dalilai na aiki; Thorp ya sanar da tsarin a 1966 kuma ya bayyana shi gaba ɗaya a 1979 da 1984 (ku duba Wasan neman fifiko a roulette).

Eudaemons (1976–1981)

Wata ƙungiyar ɗaliban digiri na gaba a physics a Santa Cruz ta gina ƙananan kwamfutoci na dijital da za a sa a jiki a gidan caca: ɗan wasa ɗaya yana auna lokacin dabaran da maɓallan yatsun ƙafa, kwamfutar tana hasashen wani yankidabaranSasheRamuka da ke bin juna a jere a kan dabaran kamar baka, sabanin ƙungiyar lambobi a kan teburin caca.Karanta gaba ɗaya →, kuma ɗan wasa na biyu yana karɓar hasashen ta hanyar girgiza kuma ya sa caca a kai. A 1977 da 1978 an ɗaure kwamfutar ƙarƙashin hannu; wani sabon nau'i, da aka gina cikin tafin takalmi, ya tafi Las Vegas a Nuwamba 1981 kuma hayaniyar wutar lantarki ta gidajen caca ta doke shi. Gwaje-gwajensu sun yi alkawarin fifiko na 44%, kuma zamansu na farko mai tsawo a teburi na gaske ya ba da kusan 25%. Na'urorin ba su cika aiki na dogon lokaci ba: wayoyi masu sako-sako, girgizar lantarki da sau ɗaya ƙuna daga wayoyi masu zafi sun kawo ƙarshen zaman wasa da yawa. Sun ci ʼyan dubban daloli a ƙananan cace-cace na dime da quarter, suka kashe kusan $15,000, kuma suka bar littafi mai kyau. Shafin Eudaemons yana ba da labarin.

Ƙungiyar Eudaemons

Richard Jarecki (1931–2018)

Likitan Amurka haifaffen Jamus wanda, tare da matarsa Carol da wasu mataimaka kaɗan, ya rubuta sakamakon dabarai masu sifilidabaranSifiliRamin kore guda ɗaya da babu cacar ɗaya zuwa ɗaya, ta dozin ko ta ginshiƙi da ke rufe shi; tushen fifikon gidan caca. Ana kuma kiransa: sifili ɗaya, 0.Karanta gaba ɗaya → ɗaya a gidajen caca na Turai a shekarun 1960 da farkon shekarun 1970, musamman a Sanremo, kuma ya sa caca a kan lambobin da ke fitowa fiye da yadda ya kamata. Bisa ga bayanin Carol Jarecki, dabaran ɗaya yana iya ɗaukar juye-juye fiye da 10,000 kuma har tsawon wata ɗaya. Wani labarin rasuwa na 2018 ya ruwaito cewa bisa ga bayanai da yawa ya ci fiye da $1.2 miliyan; ba a taɓa tantance adadin ba. Ya faɗa wa ʼyan jarida cewa wata kwamfuta a University of London ta warware wasan; wani labarin rasuwa na 2018 da masanin tarihin roulette Russell Barnhart sun bayyana wannan a matsayin rufa-rufa ga lura kawai. Sanremo ya roƙe shi ya nisanta a Janairu 1969, ya hana shi a matsayin ƙwararren ɗan caca a Fabrairu kuma ya sake karɓar sa cikin ʼyan kwanaki, ya riƙa motsa teburansa, kuma daga ƙarshe ya maye gurbin kusan dabarai ashirin da huɗu. Ya koma Amurka a 1973 ko 1974. Rahotannin zamaninsa suna ba da ƙarin bayani.

Richard Jarecki: tsarin caca na roulette

Gonzalo García-Pelayo (an haife shi a 1947)

Mai shirya faifan waƙa kuma darektan fina-finai na Spain wanda, tare da ʼya'yansa da ʼya'yan ʼyan uwansa, ya rubuta kusan juye-juye 5,000 a kowane dabaran a Casino Gran Madrid, wajen birnin, tun daga ƙarshen 1991, kuma ya sa caca a kan ramukankayan aikiRamiƊaya daga cikin ɗakuna 37 masu lamba a kan rotor. Ana kuma kiransa: slot, cup.Karanta gaba ɗaya → da ke kan gaba. Bisa ga nasa alƙaluma, rami mafi kyau ya ci sau ɗaya cikin juye-juye 28 kuma fifikon ya kai kusan 6%; ya ce abin da suka ci ya kai peseta miliyan 200 zuwa 250 a gidajen caca da dama. Gidan cacar ya hana iyalin, gwamnati ta soke haramcin, kuma ɗaukaka ƙarar gidan cacar ta gaza, ta ƙarshe a Kotun Ƙoli a Yuni 2004. Kotun ta ce ʼyan wasan sun yi amfani da basira da kwamfuta ne kawai, kuma amsar gidan caca bisa doka ita ce ya motsa dabarunsa, ya musanya sassansu ko ya ƙera su da kyau. Shafin Gonzalo García-Pelayo yana ba da cikakken labarin.

Gonzalo García-Pelayo: tsarin caca na rouletteRoulette a Turai

Ukun Ritz (2004)

ʼYan wasa uku, maza biyu da mace ɗaya daga tsohuwar Yugoslavia da Hungary, sun ci kusan £1.3 miliyan cikin dare biyu a Maris 2004 a Ritz Club a London, suna sa caca a ƙurarren lokaci a kan ƙananan rukunin lambobi maƙwabta. Jaridu sun ruwaito na'urar laser da aka ɓoye a cikin waya; ba a taɓa gabatar da irin wannan na'ura ba. An kama su aka sake su, kuma a Disamba 2004 ʼyan sanda suka janye ƙarar suka mayar da kuɗin, saboda tsohuwar dokar hana zamba ba ta kai ga abin da suka yi ba. Bayanin Bloomberg na 2023 game da shugabansu, ɗan Croatia da ake kira Niko Tosa, ya bayyana hasashe da ido a kan dabaran da ke ɗan karkata, ba na'ura ba. Gambling Act 2005 ya maye gurbin tsohon laifin da wani mai faɗi na zamba, wanda ya fara aiki daga 2007; ko ya shafi hasashe da ido ba a taɓa gwada shi a kotu ba. Ita ce babbar nasara ta ƙarshe da aka sani a fili a kan roulette ta hanyar hasashe.

Abin da ʼyan wasan roulette da suka yi nasara suka yi tarayya a kai

Kowane wanda aka rubuta ya ci nasara ko dai ya auna dabaran (Jagger, Hibbs da Walford, Jarecki, García-Pelayo) ko kuma ya yi hasashen ƙwallo (Thorp, Eudaemons, ƙungiyar Ritz). Babu ko ɗaya daga cikinsu da ya ci da tsarin caca, kuma shahararren ɗan wasa ɗaya tilo na tsari, Wells, ya mayar da wani ɓangare cikin watanni kuma ya ƙare a kurkuku. Kowace hanya da suka yi amfani da ita daga ƙarshe gidajen caca sun rufe ta ta hanyar canja dabaran, dokokin wasa ko doka. Shafukan Ɗakin gwajin roulette suna bayyana hanyoyin; wannan shafin yana bayyana dalilin da ya sa kun ji labarin mutane kaɗan haka.

Tambayoyi