Tarihi da al'adu · Al'adu · minti 8

Roulettenburg na Dostoevsky

The Gambler (1866): mafi kyawun littafi game da roulette, wanda mutumin da ke asara a wasan ya rubuta, cikin kwana ashirin da shida.

Amsa a taƙaice

Dostoevsky ya faɗa wa marubuciya The Gambler ta rubuta domin biyan bashin da ya ci a teburan caca na Wiesbaden da Homburg. Mai ba da labarinsa, Alexei, yana bayyana gidan caca na garin maɓuɓɓugar ruwa, tsare-tsaren caca, tabbacin cewa dole jerin sakamako ya ƙare da jin nasara kamar fahimta, da daidaito da babu masanin lissafi da ya inganta a kai.

an rubuta
Oktoba 1866, kwana 26
wuri
“Roulettenburg”, garin maɓuɓɓugar ruwa na haɗaka
asarar marubucin
akai-akai, 1863–1871
marubuciya mai rubutun gaggawa
Anna Snitkina, daga baya matarsa

Yanayin da aka rubuta shi

A 1866 wani mawallafi yana bin Dostoevsky bashin littafin labari kafin 1 ga Nuwamba; idan bai kawo ba, zai rasa haƙƙin ayyukansa na shekaru tara. Ya yi babbar asara a roulette a garuruwan maɓuɓɓugar ruwa na Jamus a 1863 da 1865, har ya jinginar da kayansa da kayan adon matarsa. Ya ɗauki marubuciya mai rubutun gaggawa, Anna Snitkina, kuma ya faɗa mata The Gambler ta rubuta tsakanin 4 da 29 ga Oktoba, ya gama da sauran ʼyan kwanaki. Ya auri Anna a shekara ta gaba. Ya ci gaba da caca har 1871, sannan ya daina gaba ɗaya.

Roulettenburg

Garin haɗakar Wiesbaden, Homburg da Baden-Baden ne: Kurhaus, hanyar yawo, iyalin ʼyan Rasha da ke rayuwa a kan bashi yayin da suke jiran wata kaka ta rasu. Al'amuran gidan caca daidai suke. Alexei yana bayyana kiraye-kirayen croupiersmutaneCroupierMai gudanar da wasa a teburin roulette.Karanta gaba ɗaya →, teburin cacakayan aikiTeburin caca (layout)Ragar caca da aka buga a kan tebur. Ana kuma kiransa: table, felt, cloth.Karanta gaba ɗaya →, kuɗin caca, taron jama'a a teburi, “tsare-tsaren” da ʼyan wasa ke bi da littattafan rubutu, da yadda ʼyan wasa ke magana game da lambobi kamar suna da niyya. Kowane bayani ya yi daidai da shafukan roulette a wannan shafin intanet; littafin tushe ne na farko.

abin da Alexei ya bayyanaabin da wannan shafin intanet ke kiransa
ʼyan wasa da littattafan rubutu suna bin diddigin lambobin da suka fitoallon sakamako; tatsuniyar lambar da “lokacinta ya yi”
tabbacin cewa ja ba zai ci gaba bakuskuren ɗan caca; baƙi 26 na 1913
ninka caca bayan asara don dawo da kuɗiMartingale
kakar tana caca a kan sifili akai-akaistraight up a kan sifili, 1/37, 35:1
nasara a matsayin bayyanar ikon mutum kansaruɗin iko
rashin iya tashi yayin da ake ribaƙa'idar tsayawa, babu ita

Kakar

Babban al'amarin littafin: Antonida Vasilievna, kaka mai arziki da iyalin ke jiran mutuwarta, ta iso Roulettenburg a cikin kujerar ɗauka, aka tura ta zuwa teburan caca, ta yi caca a kan sifilidabaranSifiliRamin kore guda ɗaya da babu cacar ɗaya zuwa ɗaya, ta dozin ko ta ginshiƙi da ke rufe shi; tushen fifikon gidan caca. Ana kuma kiransa: sifili ɗaya, 0.Karanta gaba ɗaya → domin an gaya mata yana biyan 35 zuwa 1, kuma ya fito. Ta sake yin caca a kan sifili. Da kuma sake. Cikin kwana biyu ta rasa mafi yawan dukiyarta, tana dagewa a kan sifili, tana da tabbacin dole ya fito, yayin da danginta ke kallon gadonsu yana tafiya a kan teburi straight upcacaStraight upLamba ɗaya tak, biya 35:1.Karanta gaba ɗaya → ɗaya bayan ɗaya. Shi ne mafi kyawun labarin ƙirƙira na abin da caca mai yiwuwar 1/37 ke yi wa mutumin da ya gan ta ta fito sau ɗaya.

Kakar, da aka tura ta zuwa teburi, ta sake tura kuɗin cacarta a kan sifili.

Nasarar Alexei

A ƙarshen littafin, Alexei ya ci francs dubu ɗari biyu a dare ɗaya, galibi a kan jacacaJaCacar ɗaya zuwa ɗaya (even-money) a kan lambobi ja 18. A Faransanci: rouge.Karanta gaba ɗaya → da a kan straight up, a jerin cace-cacen da aka bayyana juyi bayan juyi. Yana ji, a lokacin, cewa ya fahimci wani abu: cewa zai iya sarrafa dabaran da nufinsa. Nasarar ta ƙare kuma ta tafi cikin ʼyan shafuka. Littafin ya fahimci cewa nasarar ita ce mafi munin abin da zai iya faruwa da shi, wanda shi ne ra'ayin likitoci ƙarni guda kafin a samu asibiti don haka.

Dostoevsky da dabaran
1863

Tafiya ta farko zuwa garuruwan maɓuɓɓugar ruwa; ya ci, sannan ya yi babbar asara a Wiesbaden.

1865

Wiesbaden kuma; ya rasa komai; ya rubuta wasiƙun roƙo; an rubuta wani ɓangare na Crime and Punishment a wannan hali.

Oktoba 1866

Ya faɗa wa marubuciya The Gambler cikin kwana 26 don cika kwangila.

1867

Ya auri Anna Snitkina; sun tafi ƙasashen waje; ya yi caca a Homburg, Baden-Baden da Saxon-les-Bains, yana asara akai-akai.

1871

Caca ta ƙarshe da aka rubuta, a Wiesbaden. Ya rubuta wa Anna cewa ya ƙare. Kuma ya ƙare.

1872

An rufe gidajen caca na Jamus. The Gambler ya daɗe fiye da teburan da ya bayyana.

Me ya sa shi ne mafi kyawun littafi kan roulette

Domin bai bayyana komai ba kuma ya faɗi komai daidai. Shafukan lissafi a wannan shafin intanet suna cewa juye-juye ba su dogara da juna ba, cewa tsare-tsare suna sauya fasalin zaman wasa amma ba abin da ake tsammani ba, cewa nasara bambancin sakamakolissafiBambancin sakamakoMa'aunin yadda sakamako ke yaɗuwa a kewayen ƙimar da ake tsammani. Yana da girma ga straight up, ƙanƙanta ga cace-cacen ɗaya zuwa ɗaya.Karanta gaba ɗaya → ce amma tana jin kamar gwaninta. Dostoevsky ya nuna mutumin da ke gaskata kishiyar kowanne daga cikinsu, bi da bi, daga ciki, kuma ya sa mai karatu ya ji wannan imanin. Lissafi yana gaya muku abin da yake gaskiya; littafin labarin yana gaya muku dalilin da ya sa hakan bai isa ba.

Juye-juyen roulette masu zaman kansu

Tambayoyi

Shin Dostoevsky ya yi amfani da tsarin caca?

Ya yi imani da natsuwa: cewa ɗan wasa mai natsuwa ba zai iya yin asara ba. Wannan ruɗin iko ne, kuma ya bayyana shi fiye da kowa yayin da yake riƙe da shi.

Shin Roulettenburg wuri ne na gaske?

Haɗaka ce. Wiesbaden ne babban abin koyi.

Yaya tsawon littafin?

Gajere: dogon maraice ɗaya. Ku karanta shi kafin zaman wasanku na gaba, ba bayan sa ba.

Ɗan barkwanci

Ya bayyana kuskuren tunanin daidai yayin da yake gaskata shi. Wannan shi ne littafin.

Ya bayyana kuskuren tunanin daidai yayin da yake gaskata shi. Wannan shi ne littafin.

Majiyoyi

  1. Dostoevsky, F. The Gambler. 1866. Fassarori da yawa.
  2. Frank, J. Dostoevsky: The Miraculous Years, 1865–1871. Princeton University Press, 1995.
  3. Kavanagh, T. M. Dice, Cards, Wheels: A Different History of French Culture. University of Pennsylvania Press, 2005.
an duba 2026-09-28samfuri: na Turai, sifili ɗayahanyar aiki ↗majiyoyi ↗