Tarihi da al'adu · Tarihi · Mutane · minti 9

Richard Jarecki: tsarin caca na roulette

Wani likita, wata ɗaya na rubutu a kowane dabaran, da labarin kwamfuta da ya sa gidajen caca cikin ruɗani.

Amsa a taƙaice

Richard Jarecki (1931–2018), likitan Amurka haifaffen Jamus, ya rubuta sakamakon dabarun roulette a gidajen caca na Turai a shekarun 1960 da farkon shekarun 1970 kuma ya sa caca a kan lambobin da ke fitowa fiye da yadda ya kamata. Bisa ga bayanai da yawa ya ci fiye da $1.2 miliyan; babu wanda ya taɓa tantance adadin. Ya faɗa wa ʼyan jarida cewa wata kwamfuta a London ce ke yin aikin, abin da wani labarin rasuwa na 2018 da masanin tarihin roulette Russell Barnhart suka bayyana a matsayin rufa-rufa.

haihuwa
1 ga Disamba, 1931, Stettin
rasuwa
25 ga Yuli, 2018, Manila
samfuri
fiye da juye-juye 10,000 a kowane dabaran
abin da aka ce ya ci
fiye da $1.2 miliyan

Likita daga Stettin

An haifi Richard Wilhelm Jarecki a ranar 1 ga Disamba, 1931 a Stettin, wanda a lokacin yake Jamus kuma yanzu shi ne Szczecin a Poland. Mahaifinsa likitan fata ne kuma iyalin mahaifiyarsa sun mallaki kamfanin jigilar kaya ta ruwa. Iyalin Yahudawa ne kuma sun bar Jamus a ƙarshen shekarun 1930. Ya girma a Asbury Park, New Jersey, ya yi karatu a Duke University, kuma ya koma Jamus don digirinsa na likitanci, wanda ya samu a Heidelberg a 1958. Ya auri Carol Fuhse, ma'aikaciyar jinya da aka horar a fannin magungunan sa barci, a 1964. A 1967 ma'auratan sun koma Heidelberg, inda ya yi bincike a fannin likitancin shari'a (forensic medicine) a jami'ar. Bayanin da shi kansa ya yi kan matsayinsa a 1969 shi ne mataimakin mai bincike, ko da yake jaridu sun mai da shi farfesa.

Hanyar

Bayanin tsarin roulette na Richard Jarecki ya fito ne daga bayanin Carol Jarecki na 2018. Su biyun da ʼyan mataimaka kaɗan sun rubuta sakamakon kowane juyi na dabaran da suka zaɓa, suna neman lambobin da ke cin nasara fiye da yadda ya kamata saboda ƙaramin lahani na ƙera ko na tsufa. Dabaran ɗaya yana iya ɗaukar juye-juye fiye da 10,000 kuma har tsawon wata ɗaya, kuma wasu dabarun ba su nuna wani abu da ya cancanci caca ba. Ba ta yi iƙirarin cewa sabon abu ne ba: “Ba wani abu ne da ya ƙirƙira ba. Wani abu ne da ya kammala.”

Sun yi wasa a gidajen caca da dama, ciki har da Monte Carlo, Divonne-les-Bains, Baden-Baden da Sanremo, inda ya zama mai zuwa akai-akai. Turai ta dace da shi domin dabarunta suna da sifilidabaranSifiliRamin kore guda ɗaya da babu cacar ɗaya zuwa ɗaya, ta dozin ko ta ginshiƙi da ke rufe shi; tushen fifikon gidan caca. Ana kuma kiransa: sifili ɗaya, 0.Karanta gaba ɗaya → ɗaya, ramukakayan aikiRamiƊaya daga cikin ɗakuna 37 masu lamba a kan rotor. Ana kuma kiransa: slot, cup.Karanta gaba ɗaya → 37 maimakon 38. Wani rahoto na Fabrairu 1969 ya rubuta wani croupiermutaneCroupierMai gudanar da wasa a teburin roulette.Karanta gaba ɗaya → na Sanremo yana cewa bai taɓa yin wasa shi kaɗai ba: yana gudanar da teburai biyar ko shida a lokaci guda, tare da kusan mutane goma da ke sa caca kuma suna kawo masa lambobin.

Haka kuma ya koyi bambance dabaran ɗaya da wani. Ma'aikatan Sanremo sun ce wata maraice sun motsa kowane tebur; ya tsaya na dogon lokaci cikin ruɗani, sannan ya tafi daidai teburan da yake wasa a kansu. Bayanin Carol Jarecki shi ne cewa ya haddace ƙananan yanke-yanke da tabo.

Fret mai ɗan yanke ƙarƙashin gilashin ƙara girma kusa da jerin ƙidaya inda lamba ɗaya ta fita daban.

Me ya sa juye-juye dubu goma

A cikin juye-juye 10,000 na dabaran mai sifili ɗaya na gaskiya, kowace lamba tana fitowa kusan sau 270, ƙari ko ragi 16. Lambar da aka gani sau 319 tana gaba da “ƙari ko ragi” uku daga cikin waɗannan, kuma sa'a kusan ba ta taɓa yin haka ba. Tana cin sau ɗaya cikin kusan juye-juye 31, kuma a 35 zuwa 1 caca a kanta tana samun 15%.

Yanzu ku ɗauki juye-juye 1,000. Lamba ta gaskiya tana fitowa kusan sau 27, ƙari ko ragi 5, kuma da lambobi 37 a dabaran, mafi sa'a daga cikinsu yawanci za ta samu fitowa 37 ko fiye. Wannan yana kama da lamba mai zafitatsuniyaLamba mai zafiLambar da ta fito fiye da yadda ake tsammani a kwanan nan. A dabaran da ke da adalci ba ta hasashen komai.Karanta gaba ɗaya → amma ba shi da ma'ana. Wata ɗaya na rubutu shi ne farashin bambance rami mai lahani da mai sa'a. Ku duba Girman samfuri.

juye-juyen da aka rubutalamba ta gaskiya tana fitowalamba mai “ƙari ko ragi” 3 a samaƙimar da wannan lamba za ta samu
1,000sau 27, ± 5sau 42+51%
5,000sau 135, ± 11sau 170+22%
10,000sau 270, ± 16sau 319+15%
20,000sau 541, ± 23sau 609+10%
Dabaran mai sifili ɗaya. “Ƙari ko ragi” standard deviation ɗaya ne, wato tushen murabba'i (square root) na juye-juye × 1/37 × 36/37. Gwargwadon yawan juye-juye, gwargwadon ƙanƙantar lahanin da za a iya bambance shi da sa'a.

Tatsuniya: lokacin wasu lambobi ya yi

Abin da ba a sani ba

Babu tushen da ya faɗi lambobin da ya sa caca a kansu, yawansu, kuɗin cacar da ya sa ko girman fifikonsa. Barnhart, wanda ya rubuta babi ɗaya tilo na littafi game da shi, ya danganta lahanin Sanremo ga dabarai masu ƙananan raba-raba tsakanin ramuka; ba a ba da tushen hakan ba. Inda kuɗin cacarsa suka fito ma ba a rubuta ba. Da aka tambaye shi a 1969, ya ce yana wasa da abin da ya ci.

Labarin kwamfuta

Jarecki ya faɗa wa ʼyan jarida cewa wata kwamfuta a University of London ce ke yin aikin, wadda yake kiran waya kowane dare ya ba ta lambobin rana; Barnhart ya bayyana na'urar a matsayin Atlas da abokansa ke gudanarwa. Wani labarin rasuwa na 2018 ya faɗi a fili cewa babu wani taimakon na'urar lantarki, sai lura kawai, kuma Barnhart ya kira bayanin kwamfutar ƙagaggen labari da ya ruɗi manajojin gidajen caca, ʼyan sandan caca da jama'a.

Bayanansa sun riƙa canjawa. A Fabrairu 1969 ya faɗa wa wata jaridar Trieste cewa ya yi amfani da kwamfuta na ɗan lokaci, don rage lissafi kawai, kuma kwamfuta ba ta tunani ko ƙirƙira. A wata hira da jarida a Mayu 1969 ya ba da wani tsari da aka gina a kan lambobi uku na ƙarshe da suka fito, wanda ba haka ake yin wasa da dabaran da ya karkatagwajiDabaran da ya karkataDabaran da lahaninsa na zahiri ke sa wasu ramuka su fi yiwuwa fiye da 1/37. Ba kasafai ake samunsa ba, kuma sai da dubban juye-juyen da aka rubuta ake iya gane shi.Karanta gaba ɗaya → ba ko kaɗan. A lokacin Sanremo ya riga ya gabatar masa da bayani mafi sauƙi: cewa yana cin nasara ne saboda ya san yadda dabarunsa suka tsufa. Ya musanta.

Labarin rufa-rufar Jarecki: ana kiran waya kowane dare a ba wata kwamfuta a London lambobin rana.

Kwamfutocin roulette

Sanremo, hunturun 1969

Waɗannan su ne makonnin rayuwarsa ta caca da aka fi rubutawa. Garin ne ke iko da gidan cacar, don haka majalisar garin ce ke da kalmar ƙarshe.

Jarecki da gidan cacar Sanremo
15 ga Janairu, 1969

Gidan cacar ya roƙe shi ya nisanta na kwanaki goma sha biyar. Dalilin da aka ba ʼyan jarida shi ne taron jama'a a kewayen teburinsa. Ya ce an faɗa masa ya jira har sai an canja dabarun roulette.

5 ko 6 ga Fabrairu, 1969

Majalisar garin ta hana shi a matsayin ƙwararren ɗan caca kuma ta janye katin shigarsa.

8 ga Fabrairu, 1969

Lauyoyinsa sun yi hujjar cewa farfesan likitancin shari'a ba zai iya zama ƙwararren ɗan caca ba. Majalisar ta ɗage haramcin kuma ta yi masa alkawarin katin girmamawa na shiga kyauta.

Disamba 1972

An sake karɓar sa bayan hana shi karo na biyu, bisa ga rahoton wani kamfanin dillancin labarai na Italiya da Barnhart ya ambato.

1973 ko 1974

Ya koma Amurka.

Abin da manajojin suka ce

Kalmarsa kan haramcin ce ta fi daɗewa: “Idan manajojin gidajen caca ba sa son yin asara, su riƙa sayar da kayan lambu.” Wani rahoton jarida na Mayu 1969 ya ambato Robert Lardera, wanda ya kira shi babban darektan gidan cacar, yana cewa shi “barazana ne ga kowane gidan caca a Turai”. Wasu tushe sun ambaci manajan a lokacin a matsayin Luigi Bartolini, wanda aka ambato yana kiran Jarecki mutumin kirki sosai mai tsabtar tunani da ƙarfin zuciya. Jarecki ya ce a 1969 cewa gidajen caca da dama sun roƙe shi a ɓoye kada ya dawo, kuma babu wanda ya umarce shi ya fita. Carol Jarecki ta ce bayan lokaci mai tsawo cewa hana shi kai tsaye ba kasafai yake faruwa ba, domin yana ƙulla abota da ma'aikata.

Nawa ya ci

Kowane adadi iƙirari ne, kuma ba su yi daidai ba.

adadiabin da ya ƙunsawanda ya faɗa
lira miliyan 70 da aka ci, bayan asarar kusan miliyan 60ʼyan kwanaki a Sanremo, Janairu 1969rahoton kamfanin dillancin labarai, “ana cewa”
lira miliyan 25 tsafshekaru biyu a Sanremo, zuwa Fabrairu 1969ƙidayar gidan cacar kansa, wadda ɗan jaridar bai gaskata ba
fiye da lira miliyan 700shekaru biyar a Sanremowani mai zuwa gidan cacar akai-akai, a labarin guda
kusan lira miliyan 800, ko $1,280,000Sanremo, zuwa 1973“majiyoyin gidan caca”, a rahoton kamfanin dillancin labarai da Barnhart ya ambato
fiye da $1.2 miliyanduk gidajen cacaWani labarin rasuwa na 2018 ya ce “bisa ga bayanai da yawa”.
Labarin rasuwa na 2018 ya ƙimanta $1.2 miliyan a matsayin fiye da $8 miliyan a kuɗin 2018.

Abin da gidajen caca suka canja

Sanremo ya riƙa motsa teburansa, abin da bai hana shi ba. Wani labarin rasuwa na 2018 ya ruwaito cewa daga nan ya maye gurbin kusan dabarai ashirin da huɗu, kuma hakan ya hana shi. Ya ƙara da cewa dabarai gaba ɗaya sun fara zama ana ƙera su da kulawa, da ƙarancin lahani da za a gano, kuma fifikonsa ya dushe. Babu tushen da ya nuna wani gidan caca ya yi odar dabarai mafi kyau saboda shi, kuma ba a ambaci kowane mai ƙera dabaran ba.

Auna dabaran a zahiri

Bayan roulette

Bayan ya koma Amurka ya yi cinikin kwangilolin kayayyaki na gaba (commodity futures) da kuɗinsa, galibi azurfa da zinariya, kuma ya ci gaba da yin roulette da blackjack a Las Vegas da Atlantic City. A kusan 1998 ya koma Manila, wadda ya fi son gidajen cacarta. Ya rasu a can a ranar 25 ga Yuli, 2018, yana da shekara 86. Bisa ga bayanin matarsa, ya yi wasa na ƙarshe a watan Disamban da ya gabata, a wata gasa a Manila, kuma ya zo na farko.

Tambayoyi

Shin Jarecki ya yi amfani da kwamfuta don doke roulette?

Ya faɗi haka a lokacin. Wani labarin rasuwa na 2018 da littafin Barnhart duka sun ce kwamfutar rufa-rufa ce ga rubuta juye-juye da hannu.

Shin an hana shi shiga gidajen caca?

Sanremo ya roƙe shi ya nisanta a Janairu 1969, ya hana shi a Fabrairu kuma ya sake karɓar sa cikin ʼyan kwanaki. A wasu wurare galibi ana roƙon sa a ɓoye kada ya dawo.

Nawa ya ci?

Fiye da $1.2 miliyan bisa ga bayanai da yawa. Adadin ya fito daga rahotannin jaridu da majiyoyin gidan caca da ba a ambaci sunansu ba, kuma ba a taɓa tantance shi ba.

Ɗan barkwanci

Kwamfutar ta zama labari mafi daɗi fiye da wata ɗaya na ƙidaya.

Kwamfutar ta zama labari mafi daɗi fiye da wata ɗaya na ƙidaya.

Majiyoyi

  1. Slotnik, D. E. “Richard Jarecki, Doctor Who Conquered Roulette, Dies at 86.” The New York Times, 8 ga Agusta, 2018.
  2. McClain, D. L. “Carol Jarecki, Respected Chess Referee, Dies at 86.” The New York Times, 14 ga Yuni, 2021.
  3. Barnhart, R. T. Beating the Wheel. Lyle Stuart, 1992. Babi kan Jarecki a Monte Carlo da Sanremo.
  4. Isman, F. “Il professor Richard Jarecki, croce (o delizia?) del Casinò.” Il Piccolo, 13 ga Fabrairu, 1969, shafi na 3.
  5. United Press International. “Casino Conqueror Made to Desist.” The Daily Colonist, 16 ga Janairu, 1969.
  6. Associated Press. “Winner Wins Casino Card.” The Daily Colonist, 9 ga Fabrairu, 1969.
  7. Vannozzi, A. Rahoto daga Rome kan “the gambling professor”. The Sydney Morning Herald, 24 ga Mayu, 1969, shafi na 18.
an duba 2026-09-28samfuri: na Turai, sifili ɗayahanyar aiki ↗majiyoyi ↗