Zamba a roulette

Abubuwa biyu daban

Wasa da fifiko yana amfani da bayanan da kowa zai iya tattarawa, dabaran da ya karkatagwajiDabaran da ya karkataDabaran da lahaninsa na zahiri ke sa wasu ramuka su fi yiwuwa fiye da 1/37. Ba kasafai ake samunsa ba, kuma sai da dubban juye-juyen da aka rubuta ake iya gane shi.Karanta gaba ɗaya → ko ƙwallokayan aikiƘwalloƘaramin ƙwallon da ake jefawa a hanyarsa a akasin juyawar rotor. Ƙwallayen zamani na ivorine ko Teflon ne, 18–21 mm.Karanta gaba ɗaya → da za a iya hasashensa, kuma yana caca a kansu kafin a rufe karɓar caca. Zamba a roulette tana canza wasan: tana ƙara wa caca bayan an san sakamako, tana janye cacar da ta yi asara, ko tana ɓoye adadin da aka sa. Na farko yawanci bai saɓa wa doka ba, kuma amsar gidan caca ita ce gyara dabaran ko hana ɗan wasa shiga. Na biyu zamba ce ta laifi. A Nevada, sa caca ko canza ta bayan an san sakamako laifi ne a karan kansa. An kama ʼyan wasan Ritz na 2004, aka sake su, kuma aka mayar musu da kuɗinsu lokacin da aka janye ƙarar; masu past-posting kuwa ana gurfanar da su.

Hanyoyi huɗu na zamba a roulette

Ana iya kai hari kan juyi na gaskiya a wurare huɗu: dabaran kansa, caca bayan an san sakamako, croupier da ke biyan cace-cace, kuma, a injina da intanet, manhajar da ke biyan su. Wanda ke yin zambar ya canza a tsawon lokaci. A ƙarni na 19, galibi gidan caca ne. A yau, galibi ʼyan wasa ne, sau da yawa da taimakon croupier.

Dabaran roulette na zamba, 1890 zuwa shekarun 1930

A ƙarninsa na farko a Amurka, ɓangaren da ba ya gaskiya a teburin roulette yawanci gidan caca ne. John Philip Quinn, tsohon ɗan caca da ya tuba, ya bayyana na'urorin a 1890. Ana sarrafa wani lefa a ƙarƙashin dabaran ta ɗaya daga cikin ƙafafun teburi, wadda aka ɗan gajartar da ita fiye da sauran, ta yadda croupier da ke jingina a kanta yake canza hanyar ƙwallo daga jacacaJaCacar ɗaya zuwa ɗaya (even-money) a kan lambobi ja 18. A Faransanci: rouge.Karanta gaba ɗaya → zuwa baƙicacaBaƙiCacar ɗaya zuwa ɗaya (even-money) a kan lambobi baƙi 18. A Faransanci: noir.Karanta gaba ɗaya →. A wani dabaran, rabin fretskayan aikiFretRabe-raben ƙarfe da ke tsakanin ramuka biyu a kan dabaran.Karanta gaba ɗaya →, wato ƙarfen da ke raba ramukakayan aikiRamiƊaya daga cikin ɗakuna 37 masu lamba a kan rotor. Ana kuma kiransa: slot, cup.Karanta gaba ɗaya →, sun ɗan fi tsayi: saboda launuka suna bi da bi, juya ƙwallo ta wata hanya ko ɗayan yana fifita ja ko baƙi, kuma croupier yana zaɓar launin da ke da ƙarancin kuɗi. Na uku yana da tsakiya na bogi inda sanduna ke tura ƙananan kan allurai sama a gaban ramuka bi da bi. Quinn ya sake buga kundin kaya na wani mai sayarwa a New York wanda ya ba da dabarun “da za a iya sa su fitar da Ja ko Baƙi, ko Ƙananan ko Manyan Lambobi, kamar yadda croupier ke so.” Zuwa 1912 ya rubuta cewa wutar lantarki ce hanyar da aka fi so, da wayoyi da aka bi da su ta ƙafar teburi daga batir a ɗakin ƙasa, kuma ya ba da shawarar kamfas na aljihu don gano ta: allurar tana motsawa idan wutar tana kunne. Gidan Tarihin Amurka na Smithsonian (National Museum of American History) yana da dabaran roulette mai maganaɗisu na shekarun 1930 da aka ƙera a Chicago: croupier yana kunna maganaɗisun lantarkinsa da maɓalli don ya ture ƙwallo daga lambobin da ke da manyan cace-cace.

Me ya sa yake da wuya a yi zamba da dabaran mai lasisi

Dabaran zamba mallakar gidajen caca ne waɗanda ba su da hukumar sa ido. A gidan caca mai lasisi, an rubuta matakan kariya cikin ƙa'idoji. Na New Jersey misali ne: kafin a buɗe teburi ana duba dabaran ko akwai maganaɗisu da wata na'ura, ko ya daidaita, da ko yana juyawa cikin sauƙi da daidaito; ana wuce da ƙwallo a kan maganaɗisu ko kamfas, kuma dole kada ya ƙunshi ƙarfe ko kaɗan; ana rubuta kowane gyara, kuma ana rufe dabaran da murfi mai kulle idan an rufe teburi. Yawancin dabarun zamani suna karanta lambar da ta yi nasara da na'urori a gefensu kuma suna aika kowane sakamako zuwa manhajar gidan caca, don haka dabaran da ke fifita wasu lambobi yana bayyana a cikin ƙididdigar gidan caca kansa. Gidan caca kuma ba shi da dalilin ɗaukar haɗarin. Dabaran sifilidabaranSifiliRamin kore guda ɗaya da babu cacar ɗaya zuwa ɗaya, ta dozin ko ta ginshiƙi da ke rufe shi; tushen fifikon gidan caca. Ana kuma kiransa: sifili ɗaya, 0.Karanta gaba ɗaya → ɗaya na gaskiya yana riƙe 2.70% na duk abin da aka sa a caca, kuma dabaran zamba zai jawo rasa lasisi.

Yadda ake gano karkatar dabaran rouletteFifikon gidan caca a roulette

Past-posting

Zamba ta gargajiya a roulette ita ce past-posting: zura tsabar cacakuɗiTsabar cacaAlamar da ke wakiltar ƙayyadadden adadin kuɗi, wadda ake ajiyewa a kan teburin caca don yin caca. Ana kuma kiranta: check.Karanta gaba ɗaya → a kan, ko a ƙarƙashin, cacar da ta yi nasara bayan ƙwallo ya faɗi, sannan a nemi biyankuɗiBiyaAbin da cacar da ta ci ke dawowa da shi, ana faɗinsa a matsayin “X zuwa 1” a kan kuɗin cacar da aka mayar.Karanta gaba ɗaya →. Tana buƙatar ƙungiya. Mai motsi (mechanic) yana yin aikin yayin da croupier ke shagala, mai karɓa (claimer) da croupier bai taɓa gani ba yana karɓar kuɗin, kuma mai tsaro (lookout) yana kallon wurin masu sa ido yana dakatar da wasan da alamar hannu. Lokacin shi ne biyan kansa, lokacin da croupier ya juya ya ɗauko tsabobin caca don wanda ya ci cacar waje, kuma ba a kallon lambobin ciki na ʼyan daƙiƙoƙi.

Ra'ayin shugaban sashen teburai

Richard Marcus

Marcus croupier ne a Four Queens a Las Vegas a shekarun 1970 lokacin da wata ƙungiyar past-posting ta ɗauke shi. A cewarsa, ya yi aiki da ita, sannan ya jagoranci tasa ƙungiyar, na kusan shekaru 25 a roulette, craps da blackjack, kuma ya daina kusan 2000 ba tare da an taɓa yanke masa hukunci ba. Littafin tarihin rayuwarsa na 2003 ya bayyana sigar roulette. ʼYan wasa biyu suna rufe dozincacaDozin1–12, 13–24 ko 25–36, biya 2:1.Karanta gaba ɗaya → na uku, tsaba bayan tsaba, juyi bayan juyi, har sai ya fito; yayin da croupier ke biyan dozin ɗin, wani hannu yana zura tsabar caca ta $100 a ƙarƙashin tarin straight up da ya yi nasara. Mai karɓar ya riga ya yi cacar straight up ta gaskiya ta $100, don haka masu sa ido suna tunawa da shi a matsayin ɗan wasa mai irin wannan girma, kuma motsin yana da daraja $3,500. Sa teburin cacakayan aikiTeburin caca (layout)Ragar caca da aka buga a kan tebur. Ana kuma kiransa: table, felt, cloth.Karanta gaba ɗaya → ya kasance cike yana jawo wa ƙungiyar fifikon gidan cacalissafiFifikon gidan cacaKason kowane kuɗin caca da gidan caca ke riƙewa a matsakaici: 2.70% a roulette na Turai.Karanta gaba ɗaya → kawai a kan cace-cacen rufe idonsu.

The Savannah

Shahararriyar dabarar Marcus ba past-post ba ce ko kaɗan. Kafin juyi, yana ajiye tsabar caca ta $5 a kan tsabar caca ta $5,000 a kan cacar wajecacaCacar wajeCaca a kan akwatunan da ke kewaye da raga: dozin, ginshiƙai da cace-cacen ɗaya zuwa ɗaya.Karanta gaba ɗaya →, an tura babbar tsabar baya don croupier ya ga ƙaramin tari kawai. Idan cacar ta yi nasara, croupier yakan sami babbar tsabar ya biya ta: $5,005 a kan ja, $10,010 a kan dozin. Idan ta yi asara, Marcus yana ɗauke tarin kafin a kwashe, kuma idan aka ƙalubalance shi yana ajiye tsabobi biyu na $5 da ya ɓoye a tafin hannu tun da farko; croupier, wanda ya karanta cacar a matsayin $10, bai ga wani abu ba daidai ba. Kowace cacar da ta yi nasara ta gaskiya ce, kuma kowace wadda ta yi asara ta ɓace. Bayanai na baya sun ce ta kawo kusan $5 miliyan kafin gidajen caca su daina biyanta.

Zamba daga ciki

Yawancin zamba a roulette da ke kaiwa kotu a yanzu tana da hannun croupier. Hanyar da aka saba ita ce cacar makare: croupier yana bar abokin haɗin baki ya sa caca ko ya ƙara a kanta bayan ƙwallo ya faɗi, ko ya saki ƙwallo da wuri don caca ta shiga kafin rufewar lantarki. Kuɗaɗen ba kasafai suke da yawa ba, kuma galibi ana gano shari'o'in ta kyamarar da ke saman kowane teburi, ko ta ɗan wasa ɗaya da ke ci gaba da nasara a teburin croupier ɗaya.

Matakan aikin croupier a roulette

Injina da manhaja

Roulette na lantarki yana mayar da abin hari daga tsabobin caca zuwa lambar kwamfuta (code). A lokacin bazara na 2007, wasu ʼyan kwangilar IT biyu a wani rukunin gidajen caca a London sun sauya tsarinsa ta yadda na'urorin a teburan roulette kai tsaye suke buga takardun nasara, kowanne har zuwa £600, ko wace lamba ta fito. Sun karɓi kusan £33,000 a gidajen caca huɗu, sun amsa laifin sata kuma an yanke musu hukuncin da aka dakatar a 2010. A intanet, haɗarin ga ɗan wasa shi ne mai gudanarwa marar lasisi, wanda babu wanda ke gwada manhajarsa. Ga wasanni masu lasisi, ba mu sami wani binciken hukumar sa ido da ya gano injin samar da lambobi na roulette na zamba ba. Abin da ke kaiwa kotu shi ne lalacewar manhaja: a 2021 BetMGM ta soke jerin nasarorin wata ʼyar wasa a Michigan daga $50 zuwa kusan $3.3 miliyan a wasan roulette na intanet a matsayin kuskuren manhaja, kuma a 2025 Kotun Ƙoli ta jihar ta bar ƙararta ta ci gaba. Kuskuren da gidan caca ya ƙi biya rikici ne kan kwangila, ba hujja ba ce cewa an yi zamba a wasan.

Na'urorin roulette na lantarki

Na'urori, da inda doka ta ja layi

Hasashen ƙwallo ba zamba ba ne a karan kansa. Gane dabaran da ya karkata, kamar yadda Joseph Jagger da iyalin García-Pelayo suka yi, yana amfani da bayanan da kowa zai iya tattarawa. Kotun Ƙolin Spain ta yanke a 2004 cewa iyalin García-Pelayo sun yi amfani da hikima da kwamfuta, ba zamba ba, kuma maganin gidan caca shi ne ya canza dabarunsa. Ɗaukar kwamfutar zuwa teburi wani al'amari ne daban. Nevada ta mayar da amfani ko mallakar duk wata na'ura da aka ƙera don hasashen sakamakon wasa ko nazarin yiwuwarsa laifi, kuma tana ɗaukar shi a matsayin babban laifi (felony) tun 1985. Dokar Caca ta Birtaniya, Gambling Act 2005, ta mayar da zamba laifi kuma ta ce tana iya kasancewa tsoma baki cikin tafiyar wasan; a 2017 Kotun Ƙolin UK ta yanke, a shari'ar Ivey v Genting, cewa zamba ba sai ta kasance ta rashin gaskiya ba.

Kwamfutocin rouletteGonzalo García-Pelayo: tsarin caca na rouletteJoseph Jagger: dabarar roulette a Monte Carlo

Labaran da kowace maƙala kan zamba ke maimaitawa

Labarai biyu suna bayyana a shafi bayan shafi game da masu zamba a roulette, kuma babu ɗayansu da za a iya gano tushensa. Pierre Dugal, ɗan Faransa da ake cewa ya yi zamba da dabarun a farkon ƙarni na 19 kuma matarsa ta ci amanarsa, yana bayyana ba tare da kwanan wata, gidan caca ko shari'a ba. Monique Laurent, wadda ake cewa ta jagoranci ƙwallo mai sarrafawa ta rediyo daga na'urar aikawa da aka ɓoye a cikin kwalin sigari a shekarun 1970, tana bayyana a sigogi da suka saɓa kan gidan cacar, adadin, “francs miliyan 5” ko “$1 miliyan”, da ko an taɓa kama ta. Ba mu sami jarida, takardar kotu ko littafi na wancan lokacin kan ko ɗaya ba. Wasu iƙirari biyu kuma kuskure ne kawai: an yanke shari'ar García-Pelayo a Spain, ba Kotun Ƙolin Amurka ba, kuma Richard Marcus, a cewarsa da hirarraki na baya, ba a taɓa yanke masa hukunci ba.

Yadda gidan caca ke kama ta

Mafi yawan ayyukan yau da kullum na croupier kariya ce daga dabarun tsabobin caca da ke sama. “Babu sauran cacatsarin aikiAn rufe cacaKiran croupier (ko saƙon da ke kan allo) da ke rufe yin caca. Ba za a ƙara ajiyewa, motsawa ko ɗauke tsabobin caca ba.Karanta gaba ɗaya →” yana rufe teburin caca kafin ƙwallo ya faɗi. Dollykayan aikiDollyAlamar da ake ajiyewa a kan lambar da ta ci a kan teburin caca yayin da ake biyan cace-cace.Karanta gaba ɗaya → yana alamta lambar da ta yi nasara, kuma babu abin da zai motsa a kan teburin yayin da yake a ajiye. Ana kwashe tsabobin cacar da suka yi asara kafin a biya kowane wanda ya ci, don haka ba za a iya janye cacar da ta yi asara a lokacin biya ba. Croupier da ya ga tsabar caca mai daraja sosai a kan teburi yana sanar da masu sa ido, shi ya sa mai karɓar Marcus ya fara sa babbar cacarsa ta gaskiya. Tsabobin caca masu launiteburTsabobin caca masu launiTsabobin caca na roulette kaɗai, masu launin da ya keɓanta ga kowane ɗan wasa a tebur, da ƙimar da aka sa lokacin saye. Ana kuma kiransu: wheel checks.Karanta gaba ɗaya →, launi ɗaya ga kowane ɗan wasa, suna sa tsabar baƙo ta fito fili, kuma kyamarori a sama suna ɗaukar kowane biya don dubawa. Sauran gidan caca yana kula da sauran hanyoyin.

Tsabobin cacar roulette da yadda ake sayensu

Ma'anarsa ga ɗan wasa na yau da kullum

A gidan caca mai lasisi, dabaran zamba ya zama tarihi, kuma masu zamba a teburi suna yi wa gidan caca sata ne, ba ʼyan wasan da ke gefensu ba. Babu wata dabara bisa doka a teburi da ke doke dabaran na gaskiya, kuma babu abin da mai zamba a roulette ke yi da ke canza yiwuwar wani. Ɗabi'u biyu suna kare ɗan wasa daga zato. Kada ku taɓa tsabobin cacarku yayin da dolly ke a ajiye, har ma waɗanda suka yi nasara, domin miƙa hannu gare su a lokacin yana kama da ainihin motsin da kyamarori ke nan don kamawa. Kuma ku ƙi duk croupier da ya yi tayin taimako, domin cacar makare da aka karɓa a matsayin alfarma laifi ɗaya ce da wadda aka saya. A intanet, ku yi wasa kawai inda za a iya tabbatar da lasisin mai gudanarwa a wurin hukumar sa ido. Wasan da ba shi da lasisi shi ne kaɗai wurin da ɗan wasa na zamani zai iya haɗuwa da dabaran 1890.

Tambayoyi